Portable batch tower



y 1969 R. E. FARNHAM ET AL 3,458,177

PORTABLE BATCH TOWER Filed April 3, 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 N VEN T0] 5Baerffirzz/zam Dazed "Z62 WAEZZZ'ZZZ Haj? 14.542359! g-a. Z A'ITORNEYS IJuly 29, 1969 R FARNHAM ET AL 3,458,177

PORTABLE BATCH TOWER Filed April 3, 1967 3 Sheets-$heet 2 INVENTORS m 42V MATTORNEYS July 29,

Filed April 5. 1967 R. E. FARNHAM ET PORTABLE BATCH TGWER 70 BY w,odZ/%M (5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Z ATTORNEYS United States Patent U.S. Cl.259-153 21 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A portable tower for mixingaggregate materials with asphalt and including an elevator unit and abatch mixing unit which are generally mobile in a horizontal positionand which may be pivotally coupled and raised by means of a cable and=Winch or the like from the horizontal mobile position to a verticalfunctioning position. As the pivotal action begins, the batch towerframe pivots on the ground or grade surface, and the elevator towerprogresses toward the batch tower along roller means provided at the farend thereof, the gradual drawing of the cable means causing theindividual tower sections to elevate to a generally vertical positionwherein aggregate material may be moved up the elevator tower to gravityfeed the batch tower for producing the desired asphalt mix.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention The field of art towhich this invention pertains is a mixing tower or station for combiningaggregate materials of suitable grades and qualities with an asphaltsource for producing a desired asphalt mix and in particular this fieldof art deals with a portable asphalt batch plant and means for readilyassembling and disassem bling the same.

SUMMARY An important feature of this inventon is the provision of aportable batch tower having separate operational units which may bemoved in a horizontal position along a roadway or the like and which maybe readily assembled and elevated to a vertical position for immediatefunctional service.

Another feature of the invention is the provision of a portable asphaltbatch plant which includes a separate elevator tower and a separatebatch tower and means for coupling the two tower sections in such a wayas to permit the sections to be readily elevated to a vertical positionby the drawing of a cable means connected between the two units.

An object of the invention is the provision of a batch tower and anelevator tower having features which permit the movement of these towersalong a roadway in a generally horizontal position and having additionalfeatures which permit the coupling of these units and the elevating ofthe coupled assembly from a horizontal to a generally vertical positionsuch that the units may operate together as an assembled asphalt batchplant.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a batch unit and anelevator unit which may be readily elevated from a generally horizontalto a generally vertical position wherein the batch unit has a rigidframe member for pivoting on the ground or grade surface or roadwayduring the elevating process and the elevator unit has a roller meansfor moving along the ground or grade surface relatively toward thestationary batch unit as the coupled assembly is raised to the verticalfunctional position.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a portable asphaltbatch plant which may be raised from a horizontal to a generallyvertical position through the use of a cable means interconnecting thetwo operational units as described above at opposite or non-adjacentends thereof and wherein the drawing of the cable means raises thepivotal point between the two units such that the elevating assemblyforms a rigid A-frame structure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a batch tower which may beused with a portable mixing plant as described above wherein the batchtower has a rigid frame member for pivoting on the ground or gradesurface and an additional frame portion which is disposed above therigid frame member at the horizontal position such that the pivoting onthe grade surface is transferred from the said rigid frame member to theadditional frame portion during the elevating process.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a method for couplingadjacent ends of two vehicles together at a common pivot point and toelevate the two vehicles at the pivot point by drawing the support legsof the vehicles together to form an A-frame.

It is still a further object of this invention to provide a method tomove a pair of coupled vehicles from a horizontal to a relativelyupright position by attaching a cable means between the support legs ofthe vehicle and by drawing the support legs of the vehicle togetherthrough the use of the cable means to elevate the vehicles at a commonpivot point and to assure that the center of gravity of each of thevehicles at all times during the elevating process lies between thesupporting feet of the two vehicles.

Other and further objects of this invention will be apparatus to thoseskilled in this art from the following detailed description and theannexed sheets of drawings which shOW a preferred embodiment of theinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic andelevational view of the two operational units of this invention whichmay be later coupled and raised to a generally vertical position toprovide a functional asphalt batch plant assembly;

FIGURE 2 is a view similar to FIGURE 1 and showing the two operationalunits coupled while still in a horizontal position;

FIGURE 3 is a further view similar to views shown in FIGURE 1 andshowing the initial stage in the elevating process including theoperation of a secondary lifting mechanism to release the maximumtension which would otherwise be developed on the cable means which isalso shown in FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 4 shows a further step in the elevating process wherein the cablemeans is utilized alone to raise the operational units to the desiredvertical position and also showing the transferred position wherein theadditional frame portion is pivoted on the grade surface or a suitablefooting mounted on the grade surface;

FIGURE 5 shows the operational units in the final assembled positionsuch that aggregate materials may be moved up the elevator tower andpassed to the batch tower for mixing with an asphalt compound or thelike;

FIGURE 6 is a detailed side view showing the several features of thevertically assembled batch tower and elevator tower and illustrating theoperation of the various types of equipment mounted on the tower units;

FIGURE 7 is an elevational view of the batch tower as taken along thelines VIIVIl of FIGURE 6; and

FIGURE 8 is an elevational view of the elevator tower as taken along thelines VIII-VIII of FIGURE 6.

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The portable batch plant asshown in FIGURES 1-5 includes two operational units, an elevator unitand a batch unit 11. The elevator unit 10 has a series of functionaldevices indicated generally by the reference numeral 12 and designed tofunction in a generally vertical position. However, the elevator unit 10as shown in FIG- URE 1 is disposed horizontally for being moved fromplace to place about a wheel system 13. The rear portion 14 of theelevator unit may be provided with additional wheels or may be attachedto a tractor or semi-tractor or the like for being towed from place toplace by means of an extension or towing connection 18a.

The batch unit 11, like the elevator 10, is designed to be generallyfunctional in a vertical position, but is disposed in a generallyhorizontal position for being moved from place to place about a wheelsystem 15. The batch unit 11 may also be towed by a suitable connectionto a king pin or the like located in the framework 21 toward the endindicated by the numeral 25.

The adjacent end portions 17 and 18 of the batch unit and elevator unitrespectively are provided with coupling means for pivotally connectingthe units 10 and 11 as shown in FIGURE 2.

-In FIGURE 2 the batch unit 11 is pivotally coupled to the elevator unit10 at the point 19. In the position shown in FIGURE 2, a rigid framemember 20 of the batch unit 10 has an end portion 21 which is in contactwith the roadway 22. The batch unit is still resting on its wheel system15, and the elevator unit is supported at its fore end by the wheelsystem 13.

In FIGURE 3 a secondary lifting mechanism 23 has been employed beneaththe rigid frame member 20 of the batch unit 11 to move the batch unit topartially elevate the batch unit. Due to the pivotal connection of thebatch unit to the elevator unit, the raising of the batch unit as shownin FIGURE 3 also raises the elevator unit, and the combination of thebatch unit and the elevator unit begins to pivot about the pivot point19. Also, in FIGURE 3, a cable means 24 is attached to an end por tion25 of an additional frame member 26 and extends from the end 25 aroundthe end portion 21 of the rigid member 20 and beneath the pivot point 19to the axle of the roller means or wheel system 13. A winch may beprovided at the point 25, for instance, to draw the cable means 24 tautand to gradually decrease the effective length of the cable meansbetween the operational units to cause the units to elevate about thepivot point 19 as shown in FIGURE 4.

Initially, the elevation of the operational units 10 and 11 isaccomplished about the end portion 21 of the rigid frame member.Essentially, the end portion 21 pivots on the grade surface and causesthe roller means 13 of the elevator unit to advance toward the dry pivotpoint 21 as the unit is pivoted upwardly. However, as the unit iselevated beyond the point shown in FIGURE 3, the dry pivotal action ofthe batch unit is transferred from the end portion 21 of the rigid framemember 20 to the end portion 25 of the additional frame member 26. Afooting 27 may be provided to receive the end portion 25 of theadditional frame member 26 as the system is raised to a generallyvertical position as shown in FIGURE 5. During the elevating process, itis important that the center of gravity of the batch tower section 11 bemaintained to the right in the FIGURES 1-5 or to be maintained betweenthe support legs of the entire tower structure. In this instance, thesupport legs may be the roller means 13 and the pivot point 21 in FIGURE3 or in FIGURE 4 the roller means 13 and the pivot point 25.

In the illustrated embodiment of our invention, as the center of gravityswings about pivot point 21 during erection, point 25 preferably touchesthe ground and the load is transferred to that point before the centerof gravity passes over point 21. In this way, the center of gravity iskept between the support legs of the assembly and the assembly may beraised or lowered smoothly.

In FIGURE 5, the units have been raised to a functional position suchthat aggregate material may be fed into the elevator unit 10, and fromthe elevator unit the material may be introduced into the batch unit 11where it is to be mixed with an asphalt composition or the like. Theassembly as shown in FIGURE 5 is supported by a brace member 28 whichmay be folded into position and secured to form an A-shaped structuralconfiguration for rigidly supporting the assembled tower structure. Forillustrative purposes, the entire tower assembly as shown in FIGURE 5would have a total weight of approximate- 125,000 pounds.

The detailed structure of the batch tower can be seen more clearly inthe enlarged view of FIGURE 6. In FIG- URE 6, the elevator section isshown as being mounted on a longitudinal frame and casing 30 which has abase portion 31 designed to firmly engage the grade surface 22 forrigidly supporting the tower structure.

An elevator 32 is provided between first and second drivers 33 and 34and is designed to carry aggregate material from the base of thelongitudinal frame member 31 to the uppermost portion of the tower.

As is well understood in the art, it is necessary that the aggregatematerial which is fed to the conveyor system be suitably dried prior tothe mixing with the asphalt at the batch tower 11, and accordingly, inkeeping with the standard practice, a heater or dryer device 35, whichincludes a dryer drum 36 mounted upon a frame 37 having a series ofroller means or wheels 38 is employed. Aggregate material is fed fromthe dryer 35 through a feed tube 39 into the base of the elevator at apoint 40. The aggregate material is then picked up by the conveyor andconveyed to the point 34 and therefrom through a chute 41 to the batchtower 11.

As a supplemental feature, a dust collector 42 may be provided incombination with the elevator tower. In particular, the dust collectorincludes a fan or other airmoving device such as the fan 43 which isprovided to draw air and dust through a duct 44 from the outlet of thecones 45, 46 and 47 to the inlet of the fan 43. These gases enter thedust collector cones from the dryer by means of duct 50 and exit fromthe top of the cones through duct 44. Heavier aggregate materials whichare taken into the dust collector may be removed by being deposited in aseries of cones 45, 46 and 47. Material collected in the cones 45, 46and 47 is then returned by gravity feed to the elevator via a duct 48.Material not deposited in the cones 45, 46 and 47 is drawn upwardly andexhausted through an outlet 49 formed at the uppermost portion of thetower assembly.

The dried aggregate material which is passed from the elevator unitthrough the feed duct 41 is received at a screening mechanism 50a whichscreens out the various grades of aggregate material and deposits thesegrades in a series of supply bins 51. Each of the supply bins 51 isprovided with a gate 52, and material from any one of the gates 52 maybe selectively received by a scale hopper 53. Here the aggregatematerial is weighed prior to mixing with a suitable quantity of asphaltmaterial.

The liquid asphalt is received from an asphalt spray bar 54, and theasphalt and aggregate material are mixed in a pug mill 55. The pug mill55 is driven by a motor 56 and a chain drive 57 in a well understoodmanner. As shown in FIGURE 7, prior to the mixing process, the weight ofthe aggregate and asphalt materials may be measured by scales 58 and 59,respectively.

As shown in FIGURE 6, the assembled tower is rigidified by a crossmember 60 which may be moved into position after the two operationalunits are elevated to the vertical position. The brace member 16 may berigidly connected between the batch tower and the elevator tower, asshown, to rigidify the units.

It will further be appreciated that a further object of this inventionis to provide a new and improved method of erecting two vehicles wherebycoupled ends of the vehicles can be elevated to move the vehicles intorelative upright positions for further use to reduce the expense andamount of time required to place portable units in operative position.The method features of the invention may be practiced by couplingadjacent ends of the two vehicles together at the common pivot point 19.A lift force is then applied to one of the vehicles, causing the coupledends of the vehicles to be pivoted andelevated while one of the vehiclesis lifted off its wheels and while a lower end 21 of the same vehicle isengaged against the ground, leaving the other of the vehicles supportedon the ground by its wheels 13. According to our method, thenon-connected ends of the vehicles are then drawn together after one ofthe non-connected ends is anchored by moving the other vehicle on itswheels thereby causing the vehicles to be moved into an upright positionas the pivot point 19 at the ends of the vehicles is elevated.Thereafter, the brace 28 is attached to the vehicles for securing thevehicles in the upright position.

It will be appreciated that as the first vehicle 11 is raised by thelift force generated by jack 23 that a lower end 21 of the first vehicleis caused to be engaged against the ground to support the first vehiclewhile the wheels 15 are in an elevated position. Then, as the secondvehicle 12 is drawn toward the first vehicle 11 with the lower remoteend 21 serving as a preliminary pivot point or anchor, the uppernon-connected remote end 25 of the first vehicle is moved into groundengagement and serves as a pivot and anchor after the lower remote end21 has been raised out of ground engagement. It will be furtherappreciated that the upper remote end 25 is spaced a greater distancefrom the pivot point 19 than the lower remote end 21 thereby permittingthe upper remote end 25 to serve as the final pivot and anchor.

It will, of course, be understood that other variations andmodifications of this invention may be accomplished by those skilled inthe art without departing from the basic principles of the invention asdescribed above and as covered in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A portable tower structure comprising:

first and second operational units each having facilities for beingmobile when disposed in a generally horizontal position and each havingfacilities for being functional when disposed in a generally verticalposition,

said first operational unit having one end pivotally connected to anadjacent end of said second operational unit,

said first operational unit having wheels at the pivotally connected endthereof for supporting the same on a roadway and having a rigidnon-rotary pivot point intermediate said wheels and the opposite endthereof, said rigid pivot point being spaced above the roadway when saidfirst unit is in a horizontal position, cable means for interconnectingthe non-adjacent ends of said first and second operational units,

said cable means being disposed beneath the pivot point of saidpivotally connected adjacent ends, means to draw the cable means tautand to gradually shorten the effective extension of the cable meansbetween the operational units thereby causing the pivotally connectedends of the units to elevate and the non-pivotally connected,non-adjacent ends to move relatively toward each other,

whereby said first and second operational units are elevated from agenerally horizontal mobile position to a generally vertical functionalposition.

2. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein asecondary lifting mechanism is provided to begin the pivotal motion ofthe tower section from a generally horizontal position to a positioninclined above horizontal thereby reducing the maximum tension developedon said cable means during the course of the plvotal movement of theunits to a generally vertical functional position.

3. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 2 wherein saidstructure is carried over a roadway in the generally horizontal positionand wherein pivotal movement of the units toward an elevated positioncauses one end of the rigid frame member to contact the roadway andwherein further pivotal movement of the units causes said firstoperational unit to pivot about the point of contact of said end of theframe and the roadway.

4. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 3 wherein saidone end of the rigid frame is disposed at the lower surface of the unitwhen in the horizontal position and wherein an additional frame portionis provided above said first frame end and wherein pivotal movement ofsaid first operational unit about said first frame end is transferred tosaid additional frame portion during the course of the elevatingprocess.

5. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 4 wherein thecenter of gravity of said first operational unit is maintained betweenthe pivot connection point of the operational units and the rigid framemember during the engagement of the rigid frame member at the roadwayand wherein the center of gravity of the first operational unit liesbetween the common pivot point of the operational units and theadditional frame portion when the pivotal movement of the firstoperational unit is transferred to said additional frame portion duringthe course of the elevating process.

6. A portable tower structure comprising: a first operational unithaving a front portion and a rear portion, said front portion of saidfirst unit having roller means for carrying the first unit from place toplace in a generally horizontal position and said rear portion of saidfirst unit having a coupling means for making a pivotal connection withanother member, said first unit having a rigid non-rotary pivot pointlocated intermediate said front portion and said rear portion thereof,said second operational unit having a front portion and a rear portion,said front portion of said second unit having roller means for carryingthe first unit from place to place in a generally horizontal positionand said front portion having a coupling means for making a pivotalconnection with another member, means for removably connecting thecoupling means of the first unit with the coupling means of the secondunit whereby the two units are pivotally joined in end to endrelationship, said first and second units being functional in agenerally vertical position, cable means interconnecting the frontportion of the first unit with the rear portion of the second unit,means to draw the cable means taut and to gradually shorten theeffective extension of the cable means between the units thereby causingthe pivotally connected adjacent ends of the units to elevate and thenon-pivotally connected, non-adjacent ends to move relatively towardeach other, whereby said first and second operational units are elevatedfrom a generally horizontal mobile position to a generally verticalfunctional position.

7. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 6 wherein ahydraulic lifting means is provided beneath one of the two units tobegin the pivotal motion of the tower section from a generallyhorizontal position to a position inclined above horizontal therebyreducing the maximum tension developed on said cable means during thecourse of the pivotal movement of the units to the generally verticalposition.

8. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 6 wherein saidsecond operational unit has a frame member extending rearwardly of therear portion thereof and wherein the elevating of the units causes saidframe member to grip and form a fixed pivot point with the roadway andwherein the drawing of the cable means to continue the elevating processcauses the first unit to travel on its front roller means toward thesaid fixed pivot point.

9. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 8 wherein thesecond operational unit is provided with a second frame member disposedupwardly of the first mentioned frame member when the unit ishorizontally disposed and wherein the pivotal movement of the secondunit about the first mentioned frame member is transferred to saidsecond frame member during the course of the elevating process.

10. A portable batch plant comprising:

an elevator unit mounted on a longitudinal frame and disposed to bemoved from place to place in a generally horizontal position,

said elevator unit having conveying means for moving aggregate from thevicinity of one end of the unit to the other when said unit is in agenerally vertical position,

a batch unit mounted on a longitudinal frame and disposed to be movedfrom place to place in a generally horizontal position,

said batch unit having aggregate receiving and mixing means mountedthereon to be operable in a generally vertical position,

said batch unit and elevator unit each having pivot connection means atone end thereof and being releasably coupled to one another when saidunits are disposed in a generally horizontal position,

cable means interconnecting the non-adjacent ends of said batch andelevator tower units,

said cable means being disposed beneath the pivot point of saidpivotally connected ends thereof,

means to draw the cable means taut and to gradually shorten theeffective extension of the cable means between the units thereby causingthe pivotally connected ends of the units to elevate and thenon-connected ends to move relatively toward each other,

whereby the batch and elevator tower units are raised from a generallyhorizontal mobile to a generally vertical functional position.

11. A portable batch plant in accordance with claim 10 wherein thenon-pivotally connected end of one of said units has a roller meansmounted thereon and wherein the non-pivotally connected end of the otherof said units has a frame member extending therefrom and wherein theraising of the units by the drawing of the cable means causes said framemember to rigidly engage the roadway and causes the roller means toadvance along the roadway toward the frame member.

12. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein saidframe member is disposed at the lower surface of the unit when in agenerally horizontal position and wherein an additional frame portion isprovided above said first frame member and wherein pivotal movement ofsaid one unit above said frame member is transferred to said additionalframe portion during the course of elevating the units to a generallyvertical position and wherein said one unit is maintained substantiallyfree of translation relative to the roadway and said other unit iscaused to translate along the roadway toward said one unit during theelevating process.

13. A portable batch plant in accordance with claim 11 wherein saidroller means and said frame member provide the support legs of anA-frame defined by the pivotal connection of the two operational unitsand wherein the center of gravity of each of the operational unitsindividually lies between the leg supports provided by the roller meansand the frame member.

14. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 13 wherein anadditional frame portion is provided above said first frame member andwherein pivotal movement of said one unit above said frame member istransferred to said additional frame portion during the course ofelevating the units to a generally vertical position and wherein thecenter of gravity of said one unit is maintained inwardly of the supportlegs of the A-frame provided by the roller means and said frame memberand wherein the center of gravity of said one unit passes outwardly ofsaid frame member when the pivotal movement of the one unit istransferred to the additional frame portion and wherein subsequentlythereto the center of gravity of said one unit lies between the pivotalpoint of the additional frame portion and the roller means.

15. A portable batch plant in accordance with claim 10 wherein asecondary lifting unit is provided beneath the horizontal position ofone of the units to raise the tower units to an initial inclinedposition at which point the drawing of the cable means continues theupward movement of the tower, thereby reducing the maximum 0 tensiondeveloped by the cable means.

16. A portable batch plant comprising:

an elevator unit mounted on a longitudinal frame and having a frontportion and a rear portion,

said elevator unit having conveying means for moving aggregate from thevicinity of one end of the unit to the other when said unit is in agenerally vertical position,

said front portion of said elevator unit having roller means forcarrying the elevator unit from place to place in a generally horizontalposition and said rear portion of said elevator unit having a couplingmeans for making a pivotal connection with another member,

a batch unit mounted on a longitudinal frame and having a front portionand a rear portion,

said batch unit having aggregate receiving and mixing means mountedthereon to be operable in a generally vertical position,

said front portion of said batch unit having roller means for carryingthe batch unit from place to place in a generally horizontal positionand said front portion having a coupling means for making a pivotalconnection with another member,

said latch unit and elevator unit each having pivot connection means atone end thereof and being releasably coupled to one another when saidunits are disposed in a generally horizontal position,

cable means interconnecting the non-adjacent ends of said batch andelevator tower units, said cable means being disposed beneath the pivotpoint of said pivotally connected ends thereof,

means to draw the cable means taut and to gradually shorten theeffective extension of the cable means between the units thereby causingthe pivotally connected ends of the units to elevate and thenon-connected ends to move relatively toward each other, whereby thebatch and elevator tower units are raised from a generally horizontalmobile to a generally vertical functional position.

17. A portable tower structure in accordance with claim 16 wherein saidbatch unit has a frame member extending rearwardly of the rear portionthereof and wherein the elevating of the units causes said frame memberto grip and form a fixed pivot point with the roadway and wherein thedrawing of the cable means to continue the elevating process causes theelevator unit to travel on its front roller means toward the said fixedpivot point.

18. In a method of moving two vehicles each having wheels from agenerally horizontal position to a generally upright position, the stepsof:

coupling adjacent ends of the tWo vehicles together at a pivot point,

applying a lift force to one of the vehicles causing the coupled ends ofthe vehicles to be pivoted and elevated at the pivot point while liftingone of the vehicles off of its wheels and engaging a lower rigidnonrotary pivot point of the same vehicle against the ground leaving theother of the vehicles supported on the ground by its wheels,

said pivot being located intermediate the ends of said one vehicle,

drawing the non-connected ends of the vehicles toward one anothercausing the pivot point at the coupled ends of the vehicles to beelevated, and

attaching a bracing to the vehicles for securing the vehicles in anupright position.

19. The method of claim 18 further characterized by attaching thebracing to the vehicles and interconnecting the vehicles at pointssubstantially intermediate the coupled adjacent ends and thenon-connected ends thereof and forming thereby an A-shaped frame.

20. The method of claim 19 further characterized by applying said liftforce so as to lift the wheels of said first vehicle off the ground andengaging a lower remote end of said first vehicle against the ground,then, as a part of the aforesaid drawing step, anchoring an upper remoteend of said first vehicle with the ground and disengaging said lowerremote end as the vehicles are drawn into the generally uprightposition.

21. The method of claim 20 further characterized by disengaging saidlower remote end of said first vehicle prior to the passing of thecenter of gravity of said first vehicle from points inwardly of thelower remote end thereof to points outwardly of said lower remote endand maintaining the center of gravity of said first vehicle at all timesinwardly of the upper remote end of said first vehicle such that thecenter of gravity of the first vehicle is at all times between thesupport legs of the vehicles during the elevating process.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,256,484 9/1941 Kemp 259-1533,092,264 6/ 1963 Milek 2l42 3,116,051 12/1963 Preeman 259-153 ROBERT W.JENKINS, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 214-501

